Ένα μηχάνημα το οποίο έχει μπροστά τέσσερις υποδοχές για σκληρούς δίσκους ( περιέχει τέσσερις δίσκους seageat κάπου των 75GB ο καθένας ). Καταρχήν αυτή η "συστοιχία", είναι για διαμόρφωση RAID, σωστά;
Εγώ σε αυτό το μηχάνημα, έχω κάνει εγκατάσταση Ubuntu Server 16.04 LTS με τις παρακάτω ρυθμίσεις όσον αφορά τους δίσκους :
Και το αποτέλεσμα είναι να μην μπορώ να δω τους δίσκους. Βλέπω μονάχα έναν, αυτόν που έκανα εγκατάσταση το λειτουργικό.
Τι γίνεται με τους υπόλοιπους; Γιατί δε τους βλέπω;
Αναρωτιέμαι λοιπόν, αν μπορούσα να αξιοποιήσω τους δίσκους, με οποιοδήποτε τρόπο. Είτε ως διαμόρφωση RAID, είτε απλώς να βλέπω τους δίσκους ως ξεχωριστούς τόμους και να μπορώ όμως να τους χρησιμοποιώ. Διότι τώρα δεν μπορώ να τους δω - αξιοποιήσω καθόλου.
Διάβασα και τον καταπληκτικού οδηγού του φίλου nicktux : LVM: Βασική διαχείριση λογικών τόμων και μου έδωσε μερικές ιδέες, αλλά για να είμαι ειλικρινής επί του θέματος πέρα από ένα θεωρητικό κομμάτι ( μερικά πράγματα περί των διαμορφώσεων RAID ), δεν είμαι και πολύ γνώστης και για αυτό απευθύνομαι εδώ ώστε να μου δώσετε τα φώτα σας και να του συζητήσουμε.
Μερικά πράγματα που θέλω να σας δείξω ( στο τι βλέπω εγώ ), είναι τα παρακάτω :
Καταρχήν έπειτα από αναβαθμίσεις που κάνω στο σύστημα, μου βγάζει αυτό το μήνυμα :
- Κώδικας: Επιλογή όλων
W: mdadm: /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf defines no arrays.
:~# sudo fdisk -l
- Κώδικας: Επιλογή όλων
Disk /dev/ram0: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram1: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram2: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram3: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram4: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram5: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram6: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram7: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram8: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram9: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram10: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram11: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram12: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram13: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram14: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram15: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 68,4 GiB, 73407868928 bytes, 143374744 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xeed4c6f9
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 999423 997376 487M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1001470 143374335 142372866 67,9G 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1001472 143374335 142372864 67,9G 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 68,4 GiB, 73407868928 bytes, 143374744 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0001ccfb
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 * 2048 130793471 130791424 62,4G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 130795518 143374335 12578818 6G 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 130795520 143374335 12578816 6G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdd: 68,4 GiB, 73407868928 bytes, 143374744 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc6dcc6de
Disk /dev/sdc: 68,4 GiB, 73407868928 bytes, 143374744 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc6dcc6dc
Disk /dev/mapper/server--vg-root: 61,9 GiB, 66450358272 bytes, 129785856 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/server--vg-swap_1: 6 GiB, 6442450944 bytes, 12582912 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cryptswap1: 6 GiB, 6441926656 bytes, 12581888 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
:~# lsblk
- Κώδικας: Επιλογή όλων
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 68,4G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 487M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 67,9G 0 part
├─server--vg-root 252:0 0 61,9G 0 lvm /
└─server--vg-swap_1 252:1 0 6G 0 lvm
└─cryptswap1 252:2 0 6G 0 crypt [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 68,4G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 62,4G 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 1K 0 part
└─sdb5 8:21 0 6G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 68,4G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 68,4G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
sr1 11:1 1 1024M 0 rom
:~# sudo lsblk -f
- Κώδικας: Επιλογή όλων
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
fd0
sda
├─sda1 ext2 92f34fea-845b-4756-98fc-e81b8508d7c2 /boot
├─sda2
└─sda5 LVM2_member twSAI9-U4rx-D5if-ZwqN-rwMV-weFj-DzoYLc
├─server--vg-root ext4 8119cb4f-55b1-434d-aad1-71a453a0951e /
└─server--vg-swap_1 swap 0c30d168-32c0-468f-b808-ccb85319506d
└─cryptswap1 swap 86d04855-76c7-4da9-891d-a2c7572f6820 [SWAP]
sdb
├─sdb1 ext4 1fedf9e2-91ee-46b6-8a1d-42f2a7bf9126
├─sdb2
└─sdb5
sdc
sdd
sr0
sr1
:~# lsblk -P -o KNAME,FSTYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT,LABEL,MODEL
- Κώδικας: Επιλογή όλων
KNAME="fd0" FSTYPE="" SIZE="4K" MOUNTPOINT="" LABEL="" MODEL=""
KNAME="sda" FSTYPE="" SIZE="68,4G" MOUNTPOINT="" LABEL="" MODEL="ST373207LC "
KNAME="sda1" FSTYPE="ext2" SIZE="487M" MOUNTPOINT="/boot" LABEL="" MODEL=""
KNAME="sda2" FSTYPE="" SIZE="1K" MOUNTPOINT="" LABEL="" MODEL=""
KNAME="sda5" FSTYPE="LVM2_member" SIZE="67,9G" MOUNTPOINT="" LABEL="" MODEL=""
KNAME="dm-0" FSTYPE="ext4" SIZE="61,9G" MOUNTPOINT="/" LABEL="" MODEL=""
KNAME="dm-1" FSTYPE="swap" SIZE="6G" MOUNTPOINT="" LABEL="" MODEL=""
KNAME="dm-2" FSTYPE="swap" SIZE="6G" MOUNTPOINT="[SWAP]" LABEL="" MODEL=""
KNAME="sdb" FSTYPE="" SIZE="68,4G" MOUNTPOINT="" LABEL="" MODEL="ST373207LC "
KNAME="sdb1" FSTYPE="ext4" SIZE="62,4G" MOUNTPOINT="" LABEL="" MODEL=""
KNAME="sdb2" FSTYPE="" SIZE="1K" MOUNTPOINT="" LABEL="" MODEL=""
KNAME="sdb5" FSTYPE="" SIZE="6G" MOUNTPOINT="" LABEL="" MODEL=""
KNAME="sdc" FSTYPE="" SIZE="68,4G" MOUNTPOINT="" LABEL="" MODEL="ST373207LC "
KNAME="sdd" FSTYPE="" SIZE="68,4G" MOUNTPOINT="" LABEL="" MODEL="ST373207LC "
KNAME="sr0" FSTYPE="" SIZE="1024M" MOUNTPOINT="" LABEL="" MODEL="DVD-ROM SDM2012C"
KNAME="sr1" FSTYPE="" SIZE="1024M" MOUNTPOINT="" LABEL="" MODEL="DVDR PX-716A "
:~# ls /dev/sd*
- Κώδικας: Επιλογή όλων
/dev/sda
/dev/sda1
/dev/sda2
/dev/sda5
/dev/sdb
/dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb2
/dev/sdb5
/dev/sdc
/dev/sdd
:~# sudo lshw -class disk -short
- Κώδικας: Επιλογή όλων
H/W path Device Class Description
===========================================================
/0/100/2/0/5/0.a.0 /dev/sda disk 73GB SCSI Disk
/0/100/2/0/5/0.b.0 /dev/sdb disk 73GB SCSI Disk
/0/100/2/0/5/0.c.0 /dev/sdc disk 73GB SCSI Disk
/0/100/2/0/5/0.d.0 /dev/sdd disk 73GB SCSI Disk
/0/1/0.0.0 /dev/cdrom disk DVD-ROM SDM2012C
/0/1/0.1.0 /dev/cdrw disk DVDR PX-716A
:~# sudo lshw
- Κώδικας: Επιλογή όλων
.....
*-disk:0
description: SCSI Disk
physical id: 0.a.0
bus info: scsi@2:0.10.0
logical name: /dev/sda
size: 68GiB (73GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512 signature=eed4c6f9
*-volume:0
description: Linux filesystem partition
vendor: Linux
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@2:0.10.0,1
logical name: /dev/sda1
logical name: /boot
version: 1.0
serial: 92f34fea-845b-4756-98fc-e81b8508d7c2
size: 487MiB
capacity: 487MiB
capabilities: primary bootable extended_attributes large_files ext2 initialized
configuration: filesystem=ext2 lastmountpoint=/boot modified=2016-08-26 08:20:58 mount.fstype=ext2 mount.options=rw,relatime,block_validity,barrier,user_xattr,acl mounted=2016-08-26 08:20:58 state=mounted
*-volume:1
description: Extended partition
physical id: 2
bus info: scsi@2:0.10.0,2
logical name: /dev/sda2
size: 67GiB
capacity: 67GiB
capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended
*-logicalvolume
description: Linux LVM Physical Volume partition
physical id: 5
logical name: /dev/sda5
serial: twSAI9-U4rx-D5if-ZwqN-rwMV-weFj-DzoYLc
size: 67GiB
capacity: 67GiB
capabilities: multi lvm2
*-disk:1
description: SCSI Disk
physical id: 0.b.0
bus info: scsi@2:0.11.0
logical name: /dev/sdb
size: 68GiB (73GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512 signature=0001ccfb
*-volume:0
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@2:0.11.0,1
logical name: /dev/sdb1
version: 1.0
serial: 1fedf9e2-91ee-46b6-8a1d-42f2a7bf9126
size: 62GiB
capacity: 62GiB
capabilities: primary bootable journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2016-03-30 12:42:09 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2016-04-22 08:40:25 mounted=2016-04-22 08:40:25 state=clean
*-volume:1
description: Extended partition
physical id: 2
bus info: scsi@2:0.11.0,2
logical name: /dev/sdb2
size: 6142MiB
capacity: 6142MiB
capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended
*-logicalvolume
description: Linux swap / Solaris partition
physical id: 5
logical name: /dev/sdb5
capacity: 6142MiB
capabilities: nofs
*-disk:2
description: SCSI Disk
physical id: 0.c.0
bus info: scsi@2:0.12.0
logical name: /dev/sdc
size: 68GiB (73GB)
configuration: logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512 signature=c6dcc6dc
*-disk:3
description: SCSI Disk
physical id: 0.d.0
bus info: scsi@2:0.13.0
logical name: /dev/sdd
size: 68GiB (73GB)
configuration: logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512 signature=c6dcc6de
:~# sudo parted -l
- Κώδικας: Επιλογή όλων
Model: SEAGATE ST373207LC (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 73,4GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 512MB 511MB primary ext2 boot
2 513MB 73,4GB 72,9GB extended
5 513MB 73,4GB 72,9GB logical lvm
Model: SEAGATE ST373207LC (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 73,4GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 67,0GB 67,0GB primary ext4 boot
2 67,0GB 73,4GB 6440MB extended
5 67,0GB 73,4GB 6440MB logical
Model: SEAGATE ST373207LC (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 73,4GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
Model: SEAGATE ST373207LC (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd: 73,4GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
Model: Linux device-mapper (crypt) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/cryptswap1: 6442MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0,00B 6442MB 6442MB linux-swap(v1)
Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/server--vg-swap_1: 6442MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0,00B 6442MB 6442MB linux-swap(v1)
Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/server--vg-root: 66,5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0,00B 66,5GB 66,5GB ext4
sudo pvdisplay
- Κώδικας: Επιλογή όλων
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda5
VG Name server-vg
PV Size 67,89 GiB / not usable 2,00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4,00 MiB
Total PE 17379
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 17379
PV UUID twSAI9-U4rx-D5if-ZwqN-rwMV-weFj-DzoYLc
sudo lvdisplay
- Κώδικας: Επιλογή όλων
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/server-vg/root
LV Name root
VG Name server-vg
LV UUID 3xAYrm-uuaM-kzqq-IbDF-X3uW-J8J3-01kCKC
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time server, 2016-04-22 09:07:28 +0300
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 61,89 GiB
Current LE 15843
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 252:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/server-vg/swap_1
LV Name swap_1
VG Name server-vg
LV UUID dB55yT-Yue3-1uSQ-eYuA-MhEe-RJwg-zk36gW
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time server, 2016-04-22 09:07:29 +0300
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 6,00 GiB
Current LE 1536
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 252:1
sudo vgdisplay
- Κώδικας: Επιλογή όλων
--- Volume group ---
VG Name server-vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 67,89 GiB
PE Size 4,00 MiB
Total PE 17379
Alloc PE / Size 17379 / 67,89 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID jJSPRU-Sraj-IAdd-ctki-uqsO-JxW5-kqxayq
sudo df -alh
- Κώδικας: Επιλογή όλων
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys
proc 0 0 0 - /proc
udev 2,9G 0 2,9G 0% /dev
devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts
tmpfs 597M 8,3M 589M 2% /run
/dev/mapper/server--vg-root 61G 23G 36G 39% /
securityfs 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/security
tmpfs 3,0G 0 3,0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5,0M 0 5,0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 3,0G 0 3,0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
cgroup 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd
pstore 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/pstore
cgroup 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/memory
cgroup 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
cgroup 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio
cgroup 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/devices
cgroup 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct
cgroup 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer
cgroup 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio
cgroup 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/pids
cgroup 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb
cgroup 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event
systemd-1 - - - - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
debugfs 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/debug
hugetlbfs 0 0 0 - /dev/hugepages
mqueue 0 0 0 - /dev/mqueue
tracefs 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
fusectl 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/fuse/connections
/dev/sda1 472M 105M 343M 24% /boot
lxcfs 0 0 0 - /var/lib/lxcfs
binfmt_misc 0 0 0 - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
tmpfs 597M 0 597M 0% /run/user/1000
Αυτά από εμένα. Ευχαριστώ πολύ εκ των προτέρων.